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Conventional Medication for Pain and Their Side Effects



Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)


Examples: Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), Naproxen (Aleve), Aspirin

Use: Great for inflammation-related pain, like arthritis flair-ups or muscle issues. 


DANGERS: 

  • Stomach irritation or ulcers, especially with long-term use. 

  • Increased risk of heart attack or stroke (higher with prolonged, high doses).

  • Kidney damage if overused or in people with existing kidney issues.

  • About 1 - 2% of regular users develop serious GI bleeding annually.


Acetaminophen

 

Example: Tylenol

Use: General pain relief, often for headaches or mil chronic pain/ less effective for inflammation


DANGERS: 

  • Liver damage if you exceed 4,000 mg/day or mix with alcohol. It’s the leading cause of acute liver failure in the US, per the FDA.


Opioids

Examples: Oxycodone, Hydrocodone, Tramadol (a milder option)

Use: Severe pain (e.g., post-surgical or cancer-related) when other meds fail; sometimes used for chronic conditions like fibromyalgia. 


DANGERS: 

  • Addiction risk - about 8 - 12% of chronic pain patients develop dependent.

  • Overdose potential, especially if tolerance builds and doses creep up. 

  • Side effects like constipation, drowsiness or breathing problems.

  • Long-term us can paradoxically worsen pain (hyperalgesia)


Antidepressants

Examples:  Duloxetine (Cymbalta), Amitripyline (older tricyclic)

Use: Nerve-related pain (neuropathy) or fibromyalgia; they tweak brain chemicals to dampen pain signals.


DANGERS

  • Drowsiness, dry mouth, or weight gain

  • Duloxetinen can raise blood pressure or casuse liver issues.

  • Withdrawal symptoms if stopped abruptly - up to 50% of users report the with tricycles.


Anticonvulsants

Examples: Gabapentin (Neurontin), Pregabalin (Lyrica)

Use: Nerve pain, like sciatica or shingles aftermath; calms operative nerves. 


DANGERS:

  • Dizziness or fatigue - 20 - 30% of users feel this, per clinical trials.

  • Weight gain or swelling in some.

  • Small risk of dependency with Pregabalin; misuse has spiked recently.


Topical Agents

Examples: Lidocaine patches, Capsaicin cream

Use: Localized pain, like arthritis in a specific joint or post-herpetic neuralgia


DANGERS: 

  • Skin irritation or burning (especially capsaicin)

  • Lidocaine overdose if too many patches are used - rare but serious (heart rhythm issues)


PLEASE NOTE: 


Combo Risks: Mixing these (e.g. NSAIDS with opioids) can amplify side effects - like GI bleeding plus sedation. 


Individual Variation: Age, other health conditions (e.g. Kidney disease), or genetics can make some drugs riskier for certain people. 

 
 
 

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